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A2 English · Lesson 8

Can / Can't & Adverbs of Frequency

Abilities  ·  Listening  ·  Always → Never  ·  Word Order  ·  Reading  ·  Writing
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📖
12 min

Can means a putea. It is a special verb (a "modal verb") — and it comes with wonderful news: it never changes. No -s for he/she/it, no do/does in questions. One form for everyone.

SubjectVerbExampleRomanian
IcanI can swim.Eu pot să înot.
YoucanYou can cook.Tu poți să gătești.
He / She / ItcanShe can drive.Ea poate să conducă.
WecanWe can help.Noi putem să ajutăm.
TheycanThey can sing.Ei pot să cânte.

💡 The Golden Rule

After can, the verb is always in its base form — no to, no -s, no -ing.


She can swim.
She can swims.   ❌ She can to swim.   ❌ She can swimming.

Romanian note: In Romanian you say pot înot — and that tempts you to say "can to swim". Resist! In English, can connects directly to the verb: I can swim.

Three Uses of Can

Ability
What you know how to do.
"I can play the guitar."
"She can speak English."
Permission
What is allowed.
"You can park here."
"You can't smoke in the hotel."
Request
Asking for help.
"Can you help me?"
"Can you open the window?"

Negative & Questions

PositiveNegativeQuestion
I can drive.I can't drive.Can I drive?
She can come.She can't come.Can she come?
They can wait.They can't wait.Can they wait?
Short answers: Can you swim?Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
Can't is short for cannot (one word!). In writing, both are correct; in speaking, everyone says can't.

✏️ Practice – Can or Can't? Use logic!

Fill in can or can't. Think about what is really possible.

1. A fish swim, but it walk.
2. Birds fly.
3. A baby drive a car.
4. Elephants jump, but they swim.
5. I see the moon at night, but I see it in the day very well.

✏️ Practice – Choose the correct sentence

Click the sentence that is grammatically correct.

🔊
10 min

In fast speech, can /kən/ is weak and quick, but can't /kɑːnt/ is strong and long. Click ▶ Play, listen carefully, then click what you hear. You can listen as many times as you want.

🎧 This exercise uses your browser's voice. If you hear nothing, check your volume — or ask your teacher to read the sentences instead.

✏️ Dictation – Type what you hear

Play each sentence and type it exactly. Small differences in punctuation are OK.

📊
12 min

How often do you do something? These six little words answer that question. Click any word to hear it. 🔊

always
100% întotdeauna
usually
90% de obicei
often
70% des / adesea
sometimes
50% uneori / câteodată
rarely
10% rar
never
0% niciodată

Where does the adverb go?

📌 BEFORE a normal verb
"She always drinks coffee."
"I never eat fish."
adverb + verb
📌 AFTER the verb "to be"
"He is never late."
"They are usually at home."
am / is / are + adverb

💡 One Negative Is Enough

In Romanian you say "Nu întârzii niciodată" — two negative words. In English, never is already negative, so the verb stays positive:


"I am never late."   ❌ "I am not never late."
"She never eats meat."   ❌ "She doesn't never eat meat."


✏️ Practice – Build the sentence

Click the words in the correct order. Click a placed word to remove it. Watch the adverb position!

🗓️
10 min

To ask about frequency, use How often…? (Cât de des…?)

QuestionAnswerRomanian
How often do you exercise?I sometimes exercise.Uneori fac sport.
How often is he late?He is never late.El nu întârzie niciodată.
How often do they travel?They travel twice a year.Ei călătoresc de două ori pe an.
Other useful answers: every day (în fiecare zi) · once a week (o dată pe săptămână) · twice a month (de două ori pe lună) · three times a year (de trei ori pe an). These go at the end of the sentence.

✏️ Practice – Translate the adverb

1. I (întotdeauna) drink coffee in the morning.
2. She is (niciodată) late for work.
3. We (uneori) watch a film on Friday.
4. He (de obicei) walks to the office.
5. They (rar) eat in restaurants.
6. My parents (des) call me in the evening.

🎲 My Week – Answer honestly!

Choose an adverb for each activity. English sentences about you appear below — then click 🔊 to hear yourself described!

How often do you drink coffee in the morning?
How often are you tired on Monday?
How often do you cook dinner?
How often do you speak English outside our lessons?
Choose your answers above…
📚
12 min
Legend: Green = can / can't   Orange = adverbs of frequency  · 

Do you remember Ana, the teacher from Cluj-Napoca? Her family is full of talent. Ana can play the piano very well. She usually practises in the evening, after work. Her neighbours never complain — they say the music is beautiful!

Her brother Radu can fix almost anything: bicycles, computers, even washing machines. But he can't cook at all. His kitchen is always clean because he never uses it! He often eats at Ana's flat.

Their mother in Sibiu can cook wonderful traditional food. She always makes sarmale in December. Their father can speak three languages: Romanian, German, and a little English. He is rarely at home in summer — he loves fishing at the lake.

And Mici, the orange cat? She can't open the fridge — but she can open every door in the flat. She is sometimes naughty, but Ana can't be angry with her. Cats are always forgiven.

Comprehension Questions – Answer in English

Question 1
What can Ana do, and when does she usually practise?
Question 2
What can Radu fix? What can't he do?
Question 3
Why is Radu's kitchen always clean?
Question 4
How many languages can their father speak?
Question 5
What can Mici open? What can't she open?
1. Ana can play the piano. She usually practises in the evening, after work.
2. Radu can fix bicycles, computers, and washing machines. He can't cook.
3. Because he never uses it — he often eats at Ana's flat.
4. He can speak three languages: Romanian, German, and a little English.
5. Mici can open every door in the flat, but she can't open the fridge.

Translation – English → Romanian

"Radu can fix almost anything, but he can't cook at all. His kitchen is always clean because he never uses it."
Radu poate să repare aproape orice, dar nu poate să gătească deloc. Bucătăria lui este întotdeauna curată pentru că el nu o folosește niciodată.
🌍
8 min

Translate each sentence. Careful with adverb position and with can + base verb (no "to"!).

Eu pot să înot foarte bine.
El nu poate veni astăzi.
Poți să mă ajuți?
Ea întârzie întotdeauna.
Noi mergem des la munte.
Ei nu mănâncă niciodată carne.
De obicei beau cafea dimineața.
1. I can swim very well.
2. He can't come today. / He cannot come today.
3. Can you help me?
4. She is always late.
5. We often go to the mountains.
6. They never eat meat.
7. I usually drink coffee in the morning.
📝
12 min

Topic: What can you do? How often do you do things?

Write at least 80 words about your abilities and your weekly habits. The checklist below ticks itself as you write — try to turn everything green!

I can… I can't… but I can… I always / usually / often… I sometimes… I never… My … can… How often…? Every day / once a week
0 / 80 words
At least 80 words
"can" used at least 3 times
"can't" used at least 2 times
At least 4 different frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never)
🎉

Lesson Complete!

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